Canadian Science Policy Centre (CSPC) upcoming May 21, 2025 online panel: Navigating Geopolitical Shifts: Canada’s Innovation Strategy for Agriculture and Agrifood Sector

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This May 10, 2025 article by Salma Ibrahim for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) news online website illustrates the timeliness of the upcoming Agriculture and Agrifood Sector panel, Note: Links have been removed,

As Canada’s reliance on U.S. produce hits the spotlight, one Ontario farmer has a pitch: locally grown, year-round produce, grown by artificial intelligence and automation. 

In a sprawling two-hectare greenhouse, partially tucked inside a wooden red barn in King City, Ont., an animated Jay Willmot, farmer and entrepreneur, shared his vision. 

“From sowing and seeding, all the way through to harvest and packing, no one touches this crop,” he said in front of rows and rows of lettuce shoots. 

Instead, multimillion-dollar AI and machinery does the work; the whirring and clicking of conveyor belts, hooks and levers, fills the space that was once part of his family’s horse farm.

Willmot built his business, Haven Greens, to tackle the Canadian winter and a laundry list of obstacles that farmers face — from high labour costs to unpredictable weather. He’s not alone; federal and provincial governments have offered incentives to encourage automation. 

Some experts do urge caution though — saying widespread adoption could have unintended consequences.

…

Even before trade tensions pushed Canada’s dependence on U.S. produce back into the spotlight, there was a push to incentivize agricultural technology, to make Canada more self-sufficient. 

In Ontario, for example, the government dished out $547,720 in 2021 to Great Lakes Greenhouses Inc, an operation in the heart of Leamington, Ont. — dubbed North America’s greenhouse capital for having the highest density of greenhouses on the continent. The cash was to help the company pilot an artificial intelligence system that would “allow greenhouse operators to remotely grow cucumbers and eggplant crops, reducing in-person contact,” a provincial press release reads.

B.C. also has an On-Farm Technology Adoption Program, offering cost-sharing funding for labour-saving tech like autonomous weeders, harvesters and sorters.

The country is heavily reliant on temporary foreign workers for farm labour. Nearly half of the people working in Canada’s agriculture sector were employed on a seasonal basis in 2022, according to Statistics Canada. It is a gap that Willmot believes automation can fill. 

…

I have not done justice to Ibrahim’s May 10, 2025 article, so, if you have the time, I recommend reading it in its entirety as it provides some insight into Canada’s current situation vis-à-vis agriculture and the pros and cons of new agricultural technology.

Getting back to the upcoming panel, here’s more from a May 8, 2025 Canadian Science Policy Centre (CSPC) newsletter (received via email),

Panel on May 21 [2025]: Navigating Geopolitical Shifts: Canada’s Innovation Strategy for Agriculture and Agrifood Sector

The global agrifood sector is facing a period of unprecedented transformation, driven by shifting geopolitical landscapes, evolving trade relationships, climate pressures, and the growing influence of digital technologies. These forces are redefining how food is produced, processed, and moved across borders—bringing both significant risks and new opportunities for industry and governments alike.

Register Here

…

There are more details from the Navigating Geopolitical Shifts: Canada’s Innovation Strategy for Agriculture and Agrifood Sector event page,

Geopolitical shifts are transforming industries worldwide, and Canada is no exception. Canadian businesses and innovation ecosystems face new pressures to adapt in order to stay competitive​ in light of emerging trade disputes and other local and global challenges. 

The goal is to stimulate dialogue on innovation challenges and opportunities in the agriculture and agrifood sector under changing conditions and to explore how Canadian industry and innovation policy can adapt to strengthen Canada’s competitive standing and safeguard our citizens’ well-being. 

Each panel will bring together sector insiders and broader science, technology, and innovation (STI) stakeholders, ensuring a mix of perspectives. CSPC will publish a final report synthesizing the insights from the panel discussion. There is a planned symposium for the first morning of the conference that will further discuss the challenges and opportunities that present across all sectors.

Moderated by: Senator Mary Robinson

Prince Edward Islander, Senator

A proud Prince Edward Islander, Senator Mary Robinson was appointed to the Senate in January 2024.  Coming from a 6th generation family farm operation, she has been a strong voice for industry at the provincial, national, and global levels.  She was the first female Chair of the Canadian Agricultural Human Resources Council, the first female President of the Canadian Federation of Agriculture, and vice president of the World Farmers’ Organisation. In 2021, she was named one of the Top 25 Most Powerful Women in Atlantic Canada by the Atlantic Business Magazine.

Joe Dales

Cofounder and Partner of RHA Ventures Inc.

Joe Dales has gained 35+ years of agriculture industry experience beginning his career in sales, marketing and management, working with leading companies such as Pfizer, Cyanamid Crop Protection (BASF) and NK Syngenta Seeds (Ciba Seeds).

In 1997, he co-founded with his wife Sandra, www.AgCareers.com, one of the first ag business websites on the internet and in 1998, he co-founded Farms.com, where he helped grow the business for 20 years. In 2019, he co-founded RHA Ventures Inc. and leads their value adding investments in the agriculture and food innovation and start-up sector. RHA (www.RHA.Ventures) has made more than 35 investments and continues to support entrepreneurs with hands on, experienced business mentoring.

Joe has been involved in successfully launching over 40 agri tech innovations ranging from crop protection products (Pursuit, Odyssey), seed varieties, herbicide tolerant canola, biologicals (HiStick), start up companies like Farms.com and AgCareers.com and a range of innovative products and services. He is passionate about bringing innovation to agriculture and helping farmers improve productivity.

Joe has gained extensive corporate governance board experience with several companies such as Canterra Seeds, Vive Crop Protection, Haggerty AgRobotics and as the Chair of the Board of Governors for the Western Fair Association. He has been a supporter of CAMA his whole career.   Joe has an Honours BSc in Chemistry from Western University and a Masters in Business Administration from Wilfrid Laurier University.

Ian Affleck

Vice-President, Plant Biotechnology [CropLife Canada]

Ian Affleck is the vice-president of plant biotechnology for CropLife Canada. In this role, Ian works with domestic and international agricultural stakeholders and governments on the development of policies, regulations, and science related to plant biotechnology. Prior to joining CropLife Canada, Ian worked at the Canadian Food Inspection Agency for 10 years, where his work focused on the regulation of novel plants and new varieties. He holds a bachelor of science in agriculture from the Nova Scotia Agricultural College, concentrating on agronomy and pest management. He also holds a master’s degree in agriculture from the University of Guelph, specializing in horticulture and plant breeding and has been involved in agriculture from an early age, having grown up on a potato farm in Bedeque, Prince Edward Island.

Kathleen Sullivan

Vice President, Government and Industry Relations, Maple Leaf Foods

She brings to the role 30 years of government, advocacy, trade, and food sector experience. This includes senior leadership positions at several industry organizations, including Food and Beverage Canada, the Canadian Agri-Food Trade Alliance, the Animal Nutrition Association of Canada, and Restaurants Canada. She also spent three years as a senior policy advisor in the Ontario government, including to the Minister of Education and in the Cabinet Office. 

Ms. Sullivan has a deep understanding of how business is affected by policy and regulatory frameworks and has been a key industry advisor on domestic food laws and on agri-food trade policy. She has also served as a senior industry lobbyist in major Canadian trade negotiations and trade missions.

Rodney Bierhuizen

President, Sunrise Greenhouses Ltd.

Rodney Bierhuizen is the owner and General Manager of Sunrise Greenhouses in Vineland, Ontario. Founded by his parents in 1982, a few years after immigrating from the Netherlands, Sunrise Greenhouses is a second-generation farm that has grown to operate four locations across Niagara, with over 1 million square feet of production. The company specializes in potted plants for retail markets and young plants for other producers across Canada and the U.S.

A key differentiator for Sunrise Greenhouses is its exclusive product lines, with in-house breeding and development of unique plant genetics that are licensed worldwide. Sunrise also has an inhouse automation firm- BOLD Robotics that supplies automation solutions to the agricultural sector.

Rodney is actively involved in the horticulture industry and agricultural advocacy. He currently serves as:

*Member of the Niagara Region Agricultural Action Committee and Vineland Research and Innovation Stakeholder Advisory Council

*President of Flower Canada Ontario

*Director on the Canadian Ornamental Horticulture Association, Niagara Greenhouse Growers, and Greenhouse Growers Alliance of Lincoln

Dr. Steven R. Webb

CEO, Global Institute for Food Security

Steven joined the Global Institute for Food Security (GIFS) as Chief Executive Officer in 2019, following a 23-year career with Corteva Agriscience (formerly Dow AgroSciences) in Indiana, United States. At GIFS, he has led the transformation of the institute to an agri-food connector and innovation catalyst, delivering valuable programs, technologies and services to scale up and accelerate R&D, deliver greater impact for Canada’s agri-food sector and enhance its global competitiveness.

His most recent role at Corteva was Research and Development Director of External Technology, where he led many research collaborations with private sector companies, research institutes and universities around the world.

Tiffany Stephenson

CMO, Protein Industries Canada

As CMO, Tiffany is responsible for member engagement, brand management and strategic communications to support Protein Industries Canada in their goals of growing the value-added processing sector in Western Canada, with a focus on creating plant-protein based products and co-products. With more than 15 years marketing, communication and stakeholder engagement experience in Canada’s agriculture and food industry, Tiffany is a proud advocate for the sector.

Chuck Baresich

President and Founder of Haggerty AgRobotics and Haggerty Creek

[no bio]

Details

Date: May 21 [2025]

Time: 12:00 pm – 1:30 pm EDT …

Website: https://us06web.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_zMacQvISQ3CmpgeP9zlhFA

Venue

Zoom

Organizer

Canadian Science Policy Centre
Email info@sciencepolicy.ca

There you have it.

Using comic books to explain forensic science in court

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Caption: The cover of Understanding Forensic DNA analysis booklet. Credit: Comic credit: artist Mark Brown Funding credit: Leverhulme Trust and Arts Council England Courtesy: SISSA MediaLab

A February 5, 2025 news item on phys.org describes science communication intended for the courtroom,

Imagine being summoned as a juror in a murder trial. The expert responsible for analyzing DNA traces at the crime scene has just explained that they match the defendant’s profile. “Then the culprit must be them,” you think.

At this point, however, the expert adds, “The sample, however, is partially degraded.” What does this mean? How does this information affect your judgment? The scientist further explains that there is a one-in-a-billion probability that other people could match the identified genetic profile. How significant is this new information? Is this probability high or negligible? What is your verdict now?

“The decisions being taken by members of juries are just so vitally important and often they’re shaped by their understanding of the forensic evidence that’s being presented,” explains Dr. Andy Ridgway, Senior Lecturer in Science Communication at the University of the West of England, UWE Bristol, and one of the study’s authors of a study appearing in the Journal of Science Communication (JCOM).

“They often have little to no science background and frequently lack prior knowledge of the forensic techniques they are expected to assess in making their decision.” This is a widespread issue, and scientific literature on the subject suggests that understanding of science in courtrooms is often quite limited.

…

A February 5, 2025 SISSA MediaLab press release on EurekAlert, which originated the news item, provides a little more information,

The Evidence Chamber, the project within which the research described in JCOM was developed, was created precisely to explore how non-experts understand scientific evidence in judicial proceedings, combining forensic science, digital technology, and public engagement. The Evidence Chamber was developed by the Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science at the University of Dundee (Scotland) in collaboration with Fast Familiar, a collective of digital artists specializing in interactive experiences. A team from UWE Bristol, including Izzy Baxter, a student studying for an MSc Science Communication at the time, was involved in analyzing the data collected during the research phase aimed at testing the use of comics as a tool for communicating forensic science.

The study involved about a hundred volunteers who participated as ‘jurors’ in mock trials. The participants participated in an interactive experience that involved different types of evidence; they listened to the expert witness testimony, which focused on DNA analysis and gait analysis (the study of a suspect’s walking pattern for identification). The jury discussion took place in two phases: “First, they received the expert witness testimony. They then discussed it and indicated whether they believed the defendant was guilty or not guilty at that point. After that, they were given access to the comics,” explains Heather Doran, researcher at the Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, who was involved in the study. “This allowed us to see how the comics might influence their previous discussion and whether they provided any useful additional information.”

“We conducted an analysis of the discussions among jurors, one immediately after the expert testimony in court and another after they had read the comics,” explains Ridgway. To assess whether comics provided an advantage in comprehension, during the experimental phases, one group received only the traditional expert testimony, while the other had access to both the expert’s explanation and the comics.

The analysis confirmed the effectiveness of comics: participants who read the comics discussed the evidence in greater detail, showing increased confidence in their reasoning and conclusions. In the group that read the comics, jurors made more explicit references to scientific concepts and demonstrated a better ability to connect forensic science to their final decision. In contrast, in the groups that received only the oral explanation, more misinterpretations of the evidence emerged, with misunderstandings related to the meaning of probability and margins of error, whereas the comics helped clarify these concepts. Additionally, discussions in the groups with comics were more balanced and participatory, with greater interaction among jurors.

This experience demonstrates that comics can be a valuable tool for explaining forensic science in court, supporting jurors. It is important to emphasize that this type of material must be carefully designed. The scientific comics used in The Evidence Chamber were developed by specialists at the University of Dundee. “The University of Dundee has an historical link with comics, we worked with our Professor of Comics Studies and artists to create them” explains Doran. “Dundee, the city where the centre is located, has a history in comics. It’s the home of Beano the comic and Dennis the Menace. And the University of Dundee also offers comic courses, with which we have been collaborating for a long time.”

I’m not sure how SISSA MediaLab is involved (other than having issued the press release) but I do have a little more by SISSA (International School for Advanced Studies; [Italian: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati]), which owns the MediaLab. See the International School for Advanced Studies Wikipedia entry for more about the school.

Here’s a link to and a citation for the paper mentioned in the press release,

Can science comics aid lay audiences’ comprehension of forensic science? by Isabelle Baxter, Andy Ridgway, Heather Doran, Niamh Nic Daeid, Rachel Briscoe, Joe McAlister, Daniel Barnard. JCOM: Journal of Science Communication Volume 24 Issue number 1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22323/2.24010201 Published – 4 Feb 2025

This paper is open access and it can also be found here on the University of Dundee (Scotland) publications webpage for “Can science comics aid lay audiences’ comprehension of forensic science?“

You can find the DNA forensics comic book and others on the University of Dundee Understanding Forensic Science Comics project webspace. As for the University of Dundee’s Evidence Chamber, look here.

Apatite nanoparticles advance biocompatibility of implanted biodevices

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Should you ever need need or already have a joint (knee, hip, etc.) replacement, an implant (brain, pacemeker, etc.) or other biomedical device in your body, this work from Japan is likely to be of special interest.

Caption: Researchers from Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan develop highly biocompatible apatite nanoparticles by manipulating surface properties through pH changes. Credit: Motohiro Tagaya from Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan

Before moving onto the press release, bravo to whoever wrote it! Thank you for clear, thoughtful explanations. Here’s the January 30, 2025 Nagaoka University of Technology press release (also on EurekAlert but published on February 4, 2025), Note: A link has been removed,

Medical implants have transformed healthcare, offering innovative solutions with advanced materials and technologies. However, many biomedical devices face challenges like insufficient cell adhesion, leading to inflammatory responses after their implantation in the body. Apatite coatings, particularly hydroxyapatite (HA)—a naturally occurring form of apatite found in bones, have been shown to promote better integration with surrounding tissues. However, the biocompatibility of artificially synthesized apatite nanoparticles often falls short of expectations, primarily due to the nanoparticles’ limited ability to bind effectively with biological tissues.

To overcome this challenge, researchers at Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan have developed a method for synthesizing surface-modified apatite nanoparticles that results in improved cell adhesion, offering new possibilities for the next generation of biocompatible medical implants. Led by Dr. Motohiro Tagaya, Associate Professor at the Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering at Nagaoka University of Technology, Japan, this research aims to enhance the performance of apatite coatings and advance the field of biocompatible materials for medical devices. The findings of this study were published online in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, on January 13, 2025, and in Volume 17, Issue 4 of the journal on January 29, 2025”. Along with Dr. Tagaya, Mr. Kazuto Sugimoto from Nagaoka University of Technology, Dr. Tania Guadalupe Peñaflor Galindo from Sophia University, and Mr. Ryota Akutsu from Nagaoka University of Technology were also a part of this research team.

Apatites are a class of calcium-phosphorus-based inorganic compounds, with hydroxyapatite—a naturally occurring form found in bones. These compounds are known for their high biocompatibility. Recent studies have foundthat coating artificial joints and implants with apatite nanoparticles is a plausible solution for improving the biocompatibility of these biodevices. However, the artificially synthesized nanoparticles often show reduced binding affinity to biological tissues in vitro. According to Dr. Tagaya and his team, this difference could be linked to the nanoscale surface layer of the apatite nanoparticles.

Dr. Tagaya’s research was driven by a desire to unravel the complexities of biocompatible materials, leading his team to develop an interdisciplinary framework that controls the intricate interactions between apatite and biological systems. “The properties of the nanoscale surface layer of apatite nanoparticles are crucial when considered for medical coatings,” adds Dr. Tagaya. Adding further, he says, “In this study, we successfully controlled the nanoscale surface layers of apatite nanoparticles, paving the way for advanced surface coating technologies for biodevices.”

The team synthesized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles by mixing aqueous solutions of calcium and phosphate ions. The pH of the solution was controlled using three different bases, which included tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The precipitated nanoparticles were then evaluated for their surface layer characteristics and were further used for coating via electrophoretic deposition.

The results revealed that pH was a key factor during synthesis, since it affected the crystalline phases, surface properties, and electrophoretic deposition. On analyzing the crystalline phases of the nanoparticles, it was observed that the choice of pH influenced the formation of different calcium phosphate phases like calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) and carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite (CHA). Higher pH favored the formation of CHA, leading to better crystallinity, and a higher calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P) molar ratio.

The surface of the apatite nanoparticles shows three different layers. The inner apatite layer/core is characterized by the presence of the crystalline structure of the apatite. Above the apatite layer is the non-apatitic layer, which is rich in ions like phosphate ions and carbonate ions. This layer reacts with water molecules and forms the hydration layer. Analyzing the surface characteristics of these layers revealed that pH adjustments facilitated the formation of the non-apatitic layer rich in reactive ions, enhancing hydration properties, which was confirmed.

Importantly, the study revealed that while higher pH facilitates the formation of the non-apatitic layer, the presence of Na+ ions reduces the concentration of phosphate ions, leading to decreased reactivity of the layer. The introduction of substantial ions by NaOH also affected the uniformity of electrophoretic deposition, as observed in scanning probe microscope studies. This effect was not observed with KOH, indicating that KOH was more suitable than NaOH for forming the non-apatitic layer and ensuring uniform coating.

Emphasizing the significance of the study, Dr. Tagaya says, “This study focuses on the critical interfacesbetween bioceramics and biological systems and could inspire designs of biocompatible surfaces with preferential cell adhesion.” These findings can be potentially useful for surface coating of a wide range of biodevices that are implanted in the human body, including artificial joints and implants.

Going ahead, the team intends to push the boundaries of nanobiomaterials, paving the way for groundbreaking innovations in medical materials and devices that could revolutionize healthcare and improve patient outcomes.

Here’s a link to and a citation for the paper,

Surface State Control of Apatite Nanoparticles by pH Adjusters for Highly Biocompatible Coatings by Kazuto Sugimoto, Ryota Akutsu, Shota Yamada, Tania Guadalupe Peñaflor Galindo, Motohiro Tagaya. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025, 17, 4, 7131–7141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.4c18645 Published January 13, 2025 Copyright © 2025 American Chemical Society

This paper is behind a paywall.

Damaging coronavirus with mineral nanoparticles paves way to new disinfection technology

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A January 30, 2025 news item on phys.org announces research from Sweden and Estonia that could lead to a new way of disinfecting surfaces against the coronavirus and other similar viruses,

A new way to neutralize coronavirus and other membrane-surrounded viruses has been discovered by researchers from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences [SLU] and the University of Tartu [Estonai]. Certain mineral nanoparticles were found to damage the membrane of the virus, making it less able to enter human cells. The mode of action that is demonstrated has not been discussed in previous research. The technology works at room temperature and also in the dark, offering a range of benefits for disinfecting surfaces, air and water.

…

A January 30, 2025 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences press release, which originated the news item, provides a little more detail about the research,

”Using this new knowledge, it should be easy to create surfaces with antiviral properties by simply spraying them with aqueous solutions of suitable nanoparticles* and letting them dry. It should also be easy to design cost-effective filters to purify contaminated air and water,” says Professor Vadim Kessler from SLU who has led the work.

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to an intense search for new types of treatments and disinfection methods that can be used in outbreaks of viral diseases of this type. One area that has received much attention is nanotechnology, as tiny particles of certain metals and metal oxides have been shown to have anti-viral properties.

Now, researchers from SLU and the University of Tartu in Estonia have studied the outcome when certain types of mineral nanoparticles come into contact with a coronavirus, and they discovered a mode of action that has not been proposed before.

“We now understand what properties such particles need to have to be effective against the coronavirus, and this is a very important step forward,” says Vadim Kessler.

Coronaviruses belong to a type of virus that has an outer envelope, a lipid membrane. It turned out that nanoparticles of sand minerals such as titanium oxide bind very strongly to phospholipids in this membrane. This damages the membrane and leads to the release of viral genetic material, thereby making the virus less able to infect cells.

A major advantage is that this happens at room temperature and that it does not require any kind of activation. Previously, it was believed that mineral nanoparticles could only destroy viruses by producing so-called reactive oxygen species, which would require illumination with UV light.

The study thus suggests that surfaces coated with titanium nanoparticles can destroy enveloped viruses such as coronaviruses and influenza viruses without needing to be activated by UV light, and thus can work in dark spaces. Other small metal oxides that bind strongly to phospholipids, such as iron and aluminum oxides, could work in the same way. Another possible application could be to purify contaminated water in emergencies by adding a nanopreparation and allowing the resulting gel to settle.

“The particles we produce are not dangerous to the human body,” adds Angela Ivask, who is Professor of Genetics at the University of Tartu. “We have tested them on several cell lines to assure this.”

*Nanoparticles are extremely small and can sometimes have properties that are completely different compared to larger particles of the same material.

Here’s a link to and a citation for the paper,

Molecular mechanisms behind the anti corona virus activity of small metal oxide nanoparticles by Björn Greijer, Alexandra Nefedova, Tatiana Agback, Peter Agback, Vambola Kisand, Kai Rausalu, Alexander Vanetsev, Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva, Angela Ivask, and Vadim G. Kessler. Nanoscale, 2025,17, 3728-3738 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NR03730H

This paper is open access.

‘Nano-oscillator’ explores border between classical physics and quantum physics

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This news comes from Italian researchers according to a January 29, 2025 National Institute of Optics (Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR-INO) press release, also on EurekAlert,

An article published in the scientific journal Optica describes the development of a new experimental device that explores the boundary between classical and quantum physics, allowing the simultaneous observation and investigation of phenomena from both worlds. The instrument was developed in Florence and is the result of collaboration within the extended partnership of the National Quantum Science and Technology Institute (NQSTI), involving the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Florence, the National Institute of Optics of the National Research Council (CNR-INO), as well as the European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) and the Florence branch of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN).

It is well known that the study of matter, as we progress to increasingly smaller scales, shows radically different behaviors from those observed at the macroscopic scale: this is where quantum physics comes into play, helping to understand the properties of matter in the world of the infinitely small. While these phenomena have been studied separately until now, the instrument developed by CNR-INO researchers allows for the experimental exploration of matter’s behavior from both perspectives.

The device takes advantage of the phenomenon of levitating nano-objects within a tightly focused laser beam, that is, the surprising ability of light to “trap” individual microscopic particles, a phenomenon first observed in the 1980s and further refined, in particular, by the American physicist Arthur Ashkin, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018.

The Italian team, led by Francesco Marin (University of Florence and CNR-INO), has applied this technique to simultaneously trap, using beams of light of different colors, a pair of glass nanospheres. Within the optical trap, these spheres oscillate around their equilibrium point with very specific frequencies, allowing for the observation of both “classical” and “quantum” behaviors, the latter often being decidedly counterintuitive.

“These nano-oscillators are among the rare systems in which we can investigate the behavior of macroscopic objects in a highly controlled manner,” says Marin. “The spheres are electrically charged and interact with each other, so the trajectory followed by one sphere is strongly dependent on the other. This opens the way for the study of collectively interacting nanosystems in both the classical and quantum regimes, thus allowing the experimental exploration of the subtle boundary between these two worlds.”

The study is also made possible thanks to the support of two initiatives financed by the Ministry of University and Research with European Union funds as part of the #NextGenerationEU program (PNRR – National Recovery and Resilience Plan): the “National Quantum” partnership Science and Technology Institute” (NQSTI) and the “Integrated Infrastructure Initiative in Photonic and Quantum Science” (IPHOQS) infrastructure.

Here’s a link to and a citation for the paper,

Coulomb coupling between two nanospheres trapped in a bichromatic optical tweezer by Q. Deplano, A. Pontin, A. Ranfagni, F. Marino, and F. Marin. Optica Vol. 11, Issue 12, pp. 1773-1777 (2024) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.538760

This paper is open access.

Powerful tool for coastal oil spill cleanup? Paper examines nanomaterial remediation studies

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A February 4, 2025 news item on ScienceDaily announces an analysis (meta analysis) of over 40 studies into using nanomaterials for cleaning up pollution,

Cleaning up after a major oil spill is a long, expensive process, and the damage to a coastal region’s ecosystem can be significant. This is especially true for the world’s Arctic region, where newly opened sea lanes will expose remote shorelines to increased risks due to an anticipated rise in sea traffic.

Current mitigation techniques even in heavily populated regions face serious limitations, including low oil absorption capacity, potential toxicity to marine life and a slow remediation process.

However, advances in nanotechnology may provide solutions that are more effective, safer and work much faster than current methods. That’s according to a new paper in Environmental Science: Nano by a Concordia-led team of researchers.

…

A February 4, 2025 Concordia University news release (also on EurekAlert) by Patrick Lejtenyi, which originated the news item, delves further into the topic, Note: Links have been removed,

“Using nanomaterials as a response method has emerged as a promising sustainable approach,” says lead author Huifang Bi, a PhD candidate in the Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering at the Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science.

“This paper synthesizes, reviews and analyzes between 40 and 50 studies on the subject to give us a big-picture look of the status of nanotechnologies in coastal oil spill response. At the same time, we are also presenting our own suggestions and identifying research gaps between using nanomaterials in the lab and how they can be used in real-world applications.”

She adds that nanomaterials are being widely studied to combat marine oil spills, but she is focusing specifically on coastline remediation. She estimates that more than 90 per cent of the papers she reviewed were exclusively lab-based and not yet available for field use.

Encouraging results need field testing

The unique properties found in nanomaterials can help mitigation across different remediation efforts. These include surface washing agents, dispersants, sorbents and bioremediation. Each method has its own strengths and drawbacks that can be improved with the use of nanomaterials.

For instance, replacing synthetic surfactants and organic solvents with bio-based nanomaterials has shown to be both highly effective at removing oil and to produce less toxic substances that can harm coastal biotas.

Nanomaterials can also be used in dispersants. Clay-based nanomaterials can stabilize oil particles in an emulsion, resulting in a larger area for oil-eating bacteria to grow and accelerating oil disappearance. In sorbents like aerogels or foams, nanomaterials can improve the removal of oil from water by absorption, adsorption or a combination thanks to large surface areas and a high number of sorption sites.

Finally, they can also be used to accelerate bioremediation, a technique that uses microorganisms to break down harmful pollutants like oil into less harmful or harmless substances.

“While these lab-based results are encouraging, we need to exercise caution,” warns Bi, winner of a 2023 Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. “We should prioritize the use of sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterials to minimize environmental risks and ensure the responsible application of nanotechnology in coastal oil spill response. We also need to scale up testing to measure this efficacy in field tests.”

According to Bi’s thesis supervisor Chunjiang An, an associate professor in the same department, the emergence of nanomaterials as oil spill remediation tools is coming at a critical time.

“We are facing many new challenges, with threats of oil spills now affecting both traditional and new regions, including the Arctic,” he says. “We need to work with governments and the private sector to ensure that they are aware of these technologies and can further include them in their future remediation guidelines.”

Here’s a link to and a citation for the paper,

Nanotechnology for oil spill response and cleanup in coastal regions by Huifang Bi, Catherine N. Mulligan, Kenneth Lee, Baiyu Zhang, Zhi Chen and Chunjiang An. Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2025,12, 41-47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EN00954A First published: 18 Nov 2024

This paper appears to be open access.

Next-generation neuromorphic, semiconductor-based, ultra-small computing chip learns and corrects itself

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This is yet another of my memristor posts. Researchers from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) have some exciting news according to a January 21, 2025 news item on ScienceDaily,

Existing computer systems have separate data processing and storage devices, making them inefficient for processing complex data like AI. A KAIST research team has developed a memristor-based integrated system similar to the way our brain processes information. It is now ready for application in various devices including smart security cameras, allowing them to recognize suspicious activity immediately without having to rely on remote cloud servers, and medical devices with which it can help analyze health data in real time.

KAIST (President Kwang Hyung Lee) announced on the 17th of January [2025] that the joint research team of Professor Shinhyun Choi and Professor Young-Gyu Yoon of the School of Electrical Engineering has developed a next-generation neuromorphic semiconductor-based ultra-small computing chip that can learn and correct errors on its own.

…

A January 17, 2025 KAIST press release (also on EurekAlert but published January 20, 2025), which originated the news item, provides more information,

What is special about this computing chip is that it can learn and correct errors that occur due to non-ideal characteristics that were difficult to solve in existing neuromorphic devices. For example, when processing a video stream, the chip learns to automatically separate a moving object from the background, and it becomes better at this task over time.

This self-learning ability has been proven by achieving accuracy comparable to ideal computer simulations in real-time image processing. The research team’s main achievement is that it has completed a system that is both reliable and practical, beyond the development of brain-like components.

The research team has developed the world’s first memristor-based integrated system that can adapt to immediate environmental changes, and has presented an innovative solution that overcomes the limitations of existing technology.

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At the heart of this innovation is a next-generation semiconductor device called a memristor*. The variable resistance characteristics of this device can replace the role of synapses in neural networks, and by utilizing it, data storage and computation can be performed simultaneously, just like our brain cells.

*Memristor: A compound word of memory and resistor, next-generation electrical device whose resistance value is determined by the amount and direction of charge that has flowed between the two terminals in the past.

The research team designed a highly reliable memristor that can precisely control resistance changes and developed an efficient system that excludes complex compensation processes through self-learning. This study is significant in that it experimentally verified the commercialization possibility of a next-generation neuromorphic semiconductor-based integrated system that supports real-time learning and inference.

This technology will revolutionize the way artificial intelligence is used in everyday devices, allowing AI tasks to be processed locally without relying on remote cloud servers, making them faster, more privacy-protected, and more energy-efficient.

“This system is like a smart workspace where everything is within arm’s reach instead of having to go back and forth between desks and file cabinets,” explained KAIST researchers Hakcheon Jeong and Seungjae Han, who led the development of this technology. “This is similar to the way our brain processes information, where everything is processed efficiently at once at one spot.”

The research was conducted with Hakcheon Jeong and Seungjae Han, the students of Integrated Master’s and Doctoral Program at KAIST School of Electrical Engineering being the co-first authors, the results of which was published online in the international academic journal, Nature Electronics, on January 8, 2025.

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Here’s a link to and a citation for the paper,

Self-supervised video processing with self-calibration on an analogue computing platform based on a selector-less memristor array by Hakcheon Jeong, Seungjae Han, See-On Park, Tae Ryong Kim, Jongmin Bae, Taehwan Jang, Yoonho Cho, Seokho Seo, Hyun-Jun Jeong, Seungwoo Park, Taehoon Park, Juyoung Oh, Jeongwoo Park, Kwangwon Koh, Kang-Ho Kim, Dongsuk Jeon, Inyong Kwon, Young-Gyu Yoon & Shinhyun Choi. Nature Electronics volume 8, pages 168–178 (2025) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-024-01318-6 Published: 08 January 2025 Issue Date: February 2025

This paper is behind a paywall.